Looking Back by Guy de Maupassant

[Enter Post Title Here] Second language acquisition Foreign language: Learning language that is not generally spoken in the surrounding community. Second language: Learning a language that is spoken in the surrounding community. Acquisition and learning: Activities associated with learning have traditionally been used in language teaching in schools and have a tendency when successful to result in more knowledge about language.Acquisition barriers: The optimum age for learning may be during the years from about ten to 16 when the flexibility of our inherent capacity for language has not been completely lost. Affective factors: If we are stressed, uncomfortable, self-conscious, or unmotivated we are unlikely to learn anything. Focus on method: Despite all these barriers, the need for instruction in other languages has led to a variety of educational approaches and methods aimed at fostering l2 learning.The grammer_translation method: Vocabulary lists and sets of grammar rules are used to define the target of learning , memorization is encouraged and written language rather that spoken language is emphasized. The audio lingual method: A systematic presentation of the structures of the l2 moving from the simple to the more complex in the form of drills that the student had to repeat.Communicative approaches: The reaction against the artificiality of pattern practice and also against the belief that consciously learning the grammar rules of a language will necessarily result in an ability to use the lang. Transfer: Using sounds, expression or structures from the L1 when performing in the L2. Interlanguage: Process that certainly contains aspects of the L1 and L2 but which is an inherently variable system with rules of its own. Communicative competence: The general ability to use language accurately appropriately and flexibly.

Coeducation in Pakistan

Coeducation is to educate both boys and girls together. in the modern world of today,coeducation is the new order of the day. most of the countries in the world have adopted this form of education. in Pakistan too, there are some schools where there is coeducation whereas, in many institutes there is sex-segregation. coeducation finds its origin in Sparta,Greece. at that time,there was no distinction between boys and girls. they studied and played together. they were given academic education along with physical training.Plato,the great philosopher theorized that coeducation was essential for the development of personality. he believed that coeducation was the only way to make boys and girls beneficial to the society. therefore,west has acknowledged and adopted the benefits of coeducation since long ago. In the subcontinent, during ancient times,coeducation was present at a few places. but,gradually girls education begin to be ignored. the educational system of that time was quite dif ferent from that of today. boys were sent to gurukuls where they spent most of their educational period.They were imparted physical and academic education. the former included warfare training while,the latter comprised of study of scriptures. in medieval india, women and people belonging to lower caste were forbidden from reading the scriptures. However,raja ramohan roy,the great social reformer revolted against this practice. his succesors also played a pivotal role in revolting against the illiterate practices. Islam has stressed upon the importance of education. infact, the first word revealed was â€Å"iqra† translated as† to read†. Islam has ordained both men and women to acquire education.Holy prophet P. B. U. H said â€Å"acquire education from cradle to grave†. similarly,islam also acknowledges that an illiterate and an educated man can never be equal. During the time of Holy Prophet(P. B. U. H),mosques were the only educational institutions. there are no instances recorded where holy prophet P. B. U. H forbade his wives from attending semon(khutba),the primary tool of education. Apart from this ,there are many examples which illustrate that muslim women accompanied there men to mosques and even inquired questions from Holy prophet in the presence of men.Even today,many liberal muslims acknowledge that morality emanates from heart. Quran, time and again, has emphasized muslims to guard themselves against immorality. it says â€Å"say to the believing men to lower their gaze and to guard their private parts†¦. †. many Islamic scholars acknowledge the fact that islam has not barred both the sexes from acquiring education together as long as morality is not infringed. Coeducation, in Pakistan has always remained a controversial issue. some people want this system to be adopted in all the institutions on the other hand, there is a sizeable portion of population that is opposed to it.Both the schools of thought present argument supporting their stance. proponents of coeducation argue that it is the need of hour and that it has the ability to eliminate the problems of the developing country. nonetheless,the opponents dare to disagree. to them,the system does not confirms to the religious, social and cultural values of the society. Coeducation has the ability to cope with the problems of developing countries. for instance,Pakistan is a developing country. it will be difficult for a developing economy to maintain separate instituitions for both sexes.if coeducation system is introduced in all the schools and colleges of the state, then the cost of separate infrastructure, stationary and recruitment personnel can be saved. A country can develop only by increasing the rate of literacy. unfortunately, for developing countries, there is a dearth of well trained teachers. if both girls and boys are taught together in the same class, at the same time then this issue can also be resolved. In coeducation, b oys and girls get the opportunity to intermingle and to understand each other. by studying together, they will develop mutual respect and understanding.Professor simon said â€Å" the only reason to support coeducation is that without it, boys and girls will not be knowing about each other for many years†. In a coeducational instite, boys and girls interact with each other freely. they become broadminded and overcome their shyness. There is no hard and fast rule that if girls will always intereact with girls and boys with boys when they grow up . therefore coeducation will boost their confidence level, which will be beneficial in their future life. such individuals will be more comfortable interacting with opposite sex be it at professional or personal level.Coeducation will provide both sexes an opportunity to learn to cooperate with each other. they will be working together in assignments and projects which will help them to understand the way opposite sex works. this will help them in their respective role taking when they enter practical lives. this cooperation will create a feeling a comradeship in both the sexes. Proponents of coeducation argue that such an educational system will be useful for their personality development. in a coeducation,boys will be free to intereact with girls.Doing so, will help them to understand opposite sexing a better way and allow them to develop a healthy personality.. they will,then not indulge in eve teasing. the students of today will be the citizens of tomorrow. it is the demand of today,to allow individuals to grow in a free atmosphere. In addition, coeducation will allow both the sexes to treat each other on equal terms. girls will become more confident and responsive and the boys will develop more tolerance. the relationship between them will be based on equality,respect and humanity. this will help them to overcome the centuries old system of male dominance.Researchers argue that coeducation has proved to be a better educational system as in such colleges,the results of exams are far better than in sex segregated schools. in coeducation, boys and girls compete with each other and try to remain ahead of the other one. this results in better academic results. A research conducted concluded that presence of girls in class prevents boys from indulging in unruly behavior. it also helps in fostering stronger bondage between teachers and students. generally, in coeducational classes, the number of violent outbursts are fewer. Presence of more than 55% girls in class room has shown better exam results.Particularly, at primary level,coeducation has shown exceptional results. Boys and girls in presence of each other become more conscious of their habits, style and appearance. they abstain from exhibiting immoral behaviour. they try their best to please the opposite sex by showing best behaviour. these habits become a part of the personality. Women of today are entering every profession in large nu mber. they are heading big organizations. They face similar challenges as boys while finding jobs or in professional life. therefore,it is imperative that they should be given education on similar grounds as boys.Although,it is a fact that both boys and girls have different ways of learning,but still it is observed that their joint education has a positive influence overall. Infact, the supporters of coeducation speak of its benefits as if it’s the only road to heaven. Every coin has two sides. An impartial eye should focus on both the silvery sides rather than adopting a biased attitude. The opponents of coeducation believe that in coeducation, boys and girls are exposed to each other. the temptation of flirting appears more attractive than the urge to open books.It also destroys the relationship between teacher and student as temptation cannot differentiate between teacher or student. People against coeducation state that it is not the panacea to the problems of developing countries,in reality it will sprout more problems. Anyone who has attended even a few schools and colleges in Pakistan knows the fact that they are frightfully overcrowded. even girls only institutes present a similar picture. therefore, new institutions are needed and if a few are reserved for girls and boys separately,it will not be an additional burden on the economy.Perhaps, the greatest harm that coeducation can cause is to lead to moral depravity. in coeducation, boys are girls are free to interact with each other. curiousity plays its role well in this regard. the immoral standards promoted by media fill up the gap created from the germs of curiousity implanted by satan. this coupled with the fact, that the students are deprived of sincere supervision, as the teachers themselves do not present an ideal picture of morality and decency. As a result, they fall victim to sexual impurity. Religious conservatives argue that coeducation will wreak havoc to the Islamic values.As boys and girls will be easily accessible to each other, this will promote development of immoral relations between them. they support their view by stating that during the time of Holy Prophet(P. B. U. H) educational instituitions were mosques where, though coeducation was present,but the chances of going astray were limited. they further emphasise that the present coeducational system are not at conformity with the Islamic approach to coeducational system. Supporters of coeducation believe that this system will promote understanding between both sexes.However, the opponents say that if boys and girls cannot understand each other in family and home then they will not be able to do so in coeducation. why is it that a person thinks he can understand the opposite sex only when he meets his neighbour’s daughter? Further, it is believed that coeducation is a western concept. many people want to adopt coeducation because it is prevalent in west. they think that if west has it then they must have it too. They want to be more western than the west. but,they should bear it in mind that a system should be adopted only if it goes along with cultural,social and religious values of a society.Certainly,our society does not accepts the present coeducational system. Antagonists of coeducation assert that it is an urban concept. boys will grow up to earn while girls will maintain their household. they emphasize that as both sexes will play a different role, there is no logic in teaching them similar curricula in a similar manner. Even teachers of some subjects such as biology hold opinion that it is easier to teach certain chapters more thoroughly in presence of only girls or boys in the class room. They find teaching certain topics embarrassing and difficult in coeducation.Nowadays, sex education is becoming a part of the curricular. this further acts as fuel on fire. Certain educationists believe that students do not remain focused in studies in the presence of opposite s ex. they remain more engaged in paying attention to opposite sex, than on lectures. Therefore,it is feared that coeducation will not raise the standard of education,instead will lower it. In coeducation institutions, boys and girls are more consumed by how they appear to the opposite sex. they spent countless hours contemplating what to wear, how to wear and where to wear.This leads to the loss of precious time which should have been dedicated to studies only. The only solution that springs to mind in view of Islamic injunctions and logic of common sense is that there should be sex segregated institutions. however, if a developing country like Pakistan is not able to do so in current situation then it is the responsibility of government to take measures to ensure that coeducation does not attacks the moral values preached by islam. Firstly, the curricula chosen should be such that does not risks morality.Secondly,government should be careful in choosing faculty. the teachers recruit ed should be an embodiment of decency and morality. meanwhile, the religiou conservatives should adopt an attitude of tolerance. Nonetheless,it is also important that some girl doctors should be educated in coeducation otherwise,our mothers and sisters will have compelled to expose their private parts before male doctors under ailment. but still,it is the responsibility of the government to ensure sex segregated educational instituitions whenever,it can bear the expenses.

Nursing and Principles of Protecting Patient Safety Case Study

Nursing and Principles of Protecting Patient Safety - Case Study Example First, the nurses would electronically sign off on IV bags, for instance, so that they would be available when they were needed, even though they had to be junked sometimes when the situation for their need ceased to be operative, or the doctors changed their minds. There was no procedure in place also to make sure that nurses remembered what they signed for electronically, as they did this at the end of the shift or during their breaks. The redundant electronic and manual entries were procedural elements that led to lapses due to human errors that are understandable given the situation. No, the nurses are not negligent. The procedure is flawed (Brindley, 2010; WHO, 2002; AMA, 2013; Jones, n.d.) It is not below the standard of care to delay the documentation for the documentation, given that this has to take a lower priority in a list of priorities that include spending time with more critical patient-related tasks, such as administering the medications, doing the rounds, and assisting the doctors with patient-related needs. This is an error in a procedure that the nurses were made to go into, and which led to understandable lapses (Brindley, 2010; WHO, 2002; AMA, 2013; Jones, n.d.). The primary consideration is the intent. Do the nurses have an intent to cheat procedures in order to gain personally and to compromise patient safety and outcomes? Is the intent criminal, or are the mistakes and lapses understandable consequences of nurses making mistakes due to flaws in procedures themselves? Are the nurses working in earnest, rather than intentionally cheating in order to gain access to narcotics for their own use? (Brindley, 2010; WHO, 2002; AMA, 2013; Jones, n.d.) The charges the hospital may level against the nurse would be an intentional breach of procedure in order to procure narcotics and cheat the hospital, and criminal intent to compromise patient safety by compromising supplies of vital  narcotics, among many other potential cases.  

The Ok Tedi Mine Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ok Tedi Mine Case Study - Essay Example Moreover, the mine contributes to costs such as environmental pollution and degradation of land which is risk for the human and animal population. I do think the benefits brought to PNG by the OK Tedi Mine override the costs to the society and environment. This is because the mine is one of the most controversial mining projects where a huge tonnage of wastes are released to the Ok Tedi River which has great effect on the local community living along the river, on the biological structure of the mine and the continuous siltation causes flooding and death of aquatic life (Harding, 1998; p. 308). This is more costly than the benefits. The different stakeholders groups include the owners of land around the Ok Tedi River, the government of PNG, employees in the mine, the indigenous people around the area and the firms contracting the mining projects. The contracting firms contributes to employment opportunities for local people hence raising their living standards, the local community contributes to the labor force in the mines while the land owners give up their land for the benefit of the citizens of PNG. There are some critical problems of the EIA process noted in the DVD. The escalating bank flooding and the transformation from the tropical lands to wet lands of which it contributes to more aquatic vegetation in the area which causes loss of arid land for farming along the Ok Tedi River. This limits the diversification of exports and subsistence farming by the indigenous people of PNG hence low living standards. The dual role of the PNG government in the Ok Tedi Mine as both the owner of the mine and the regulator has some specific positive and negative impact. The positive side is that it reduces the3 exploitation of the local employees and subsequent repatriation of profits by the mining company. The negative side is that it limits the standard of investment through excessive regulation. The best

Critically analyse the current health promotion activities associated Essay

Critically analyse the current health promotion activities associated with this sexual health - Essay Example For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled† (Technical Consultation on Sexual Health in January 2002). Reproductive and sexual health and well-being are vital if people are to have a safe, responsible, and satisfying sexual lives. Good sexual health is important to both individuals and society. It is, therefore, important to have the right support and services to promote good sexual health. Sexual health requires a positive approach to human sexuality and understanding of the intricate factors that shape human sexual behaviour (Fogel 1990). These factors affect whether the expression of sexuality leads to sexual health and well-being or to sexual behaviours that put people at risk or make them vulnerable to sexual and reproductive ill-health. Health programme managers, policy-makers and care providers, need to understand and promote the potentially positive role sexuality can play in people’s lives and to build health services that can promote sexually healthy societies. The level of concern related to sexual health among health care professionals, the Government and the public is presently high. This has been as a result of growing rates of infection, the arrival of the HIV epidemic in the 1980s, confirmation of heightened risk taking and often inadequate control of infections. Common conditions now include Chlamydia, non-specific urethritis and wart virus infections, but almost all sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are becoming more common (Stokes 1997). The frequency of visits to branches of genitourinary medicine (GUM) in England has doubled over the last decade and now stands at over a million a year, see figure 1 below. Diagnoses of genital Chlamydia also virtually doubled up during the 1990s, with a major marked increase in men and women aged less than 20. Current surveys of women

What is High Stakes Writing Low Stakes Writing Article

What is High Stakes Writing Low Stakes Writing - Article Example On the other hand, low-stakes writing is writing activities which are informal in nature and in grading. The objectives of teachers for giving low stakes writing assignments are to encourage active involvement of the students in the course through short essays written in the students’ own words. Through this method, teachers would immediately determine the scope of the students’ understanding of the modules and enable the teachers to immediately address any concern. Examples of low stakes writing assignments are abstract writing, summaries, headlines, paraphrasing exercises, definitions, editorials, letter writings, and reaction papers, among others. (The Centre for Teaching Excellence 11) Elbow averred that low stakes writing encourages students to explore other venues of the course materials to hone their skills. This type of writing provides opportunities for students to learn outside the classroom. Their research and data gathering skills are improved. They also learn to assimilate course materials with the external information gathered for the essay requirement. On the other hand, high stakes writing can be very stressful for students considering that a major portion of their overall mark depends on this assignment. At the same token, considerable stress is also placed in the hands of the professors who would grade these high stakes writing an assignment. Finally, these are not viable for very large classes considering the number of students to grade for the requirement. (1) Low stakes writing, on the contrary, create a more relaxed atmosphere for learning due to its informal nature and grading. Students are encouraged to voice their opinions and insights in their own words; thereby giving the teachers the opportunity to easily determine if the  students fully understand the concepts and theories imparted.  

Multiple sclerosis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multiple sclerosis - Research Paper Example It was not until 1873 that multiple sclerosis was recognized for what it was, though this was after hundreds of people had already died from the disease. As time went on, doctors began to understand the characteristics associated with multiple sclerosis, which helped them to not only discover causes and treatments, but also allowed them to understand where the disease has been and where it is going. There is no known cause of multiple sclerosis. It is believed, though there is no concrete proof, that the cause of the disease in one person as opposed to another has to do with various factors, such as age, gender, ethnicity, and even the place where the person lives. Though the causes are none, the symptoms and signs of the disease are many. The signs and symptoms are as follows: Tremors or lack of coordination Tingling or pain in random parts of the body Sensations of electric-shock when the head is moved a certain way Partial or complete loss of vision Pain during eye movement Numbne ss or weakness in certain limbs, though usually located in one-half of the body, either the right or left side, or the top or bottom half To diagnose multiple sclerosis, basic blood tests are first undergone to rule out other infections and diseases that share similar symptoms to multiple sclerosis.

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) use in health care Essay

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) use in health care - Essay Example ealth care, its advantages and disadvantages, how its use will promote health and safety, the economic factors associated with its use, and how its use will influence my practice as a registered nurse. In an article by Sausser (2002), he enumerates various advantages of PDA use in health care. PDA use is advantageous because it gives health care professionals a chance to keep track of all pertinent information regarding their patients. Data may include contact information, history, treatment, laboratory results, and such other data normally contained in a patient’s chart. The portable nature of the PDA allows speedy and convenient access to patient information. The PDA also allows healthcare professionals the chance to research information using reference materials they can access online or from information database installed in their PDAs. Medical calculations can also be done via PDAs. PDA use will help ensure accuracy of measurements in diagnosis, assessment, and prescription of medications. Prescription writing through PDAs will also give physicians a chance to check and be reminded of adverse drug reactions that may be expected from the medications they are prescribing to patients. The disadvantages of using PDAs in health care mostly revolve around the fact that through wireless technology, â€Å"the risks for breach of patient confidentiality are increased†¦as compared to networked desktop computers† (McWay, 2003). Too much and too easy information access can cause confidential patient information to be made available to unauthorized people. Sausser (2002) also points out that PDAs may break or lose data, may have compatibility problems, can lockout a user, and like all technology, can eventually become outdated. The need to update the technology will eventually demand more expenditure on the product. PDAs will help promote health and safety by providing regular updates about a patient’s condition. â€Å"They have the potential to enhance a

Interactive Multimedia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interactive Multimedia - Assignment Example The most distinct feature of multimedia interaction is that it is mutual and both the machine and the user take an equal active role (Morley and Parker 7). Interactive multimedia can be used in multiple ways in the education sector and has benefits for the students or learners and teachers. The main benefit of it is the ability to individualize education (Lucas 77). The multimedia technologies that augment the existing curriculum allow immediate enhancement and encourage development in the sector (Cartwright 295). This can help resolve problems in the educational sector by providing activities that match with the learning style employed by the students. They have the ability to improve the learning outcomes of students as they increase their potential. The advancements in interactive media provide students with the opportunity to gain and share information with their peers and work on collaborative projects and increases motivation among the young people (Mishra and Sharma 311). These experiences are considered to be rich, social and have more meaning than the traditional word to word lessons. Interactive multimedia is used for entertainment in many ways such as video games as explained by Morgan Stanley and Co (2010). Recent studies show that video games are most popular form of entertainment. It is the only segment of the United States consumer media with a significant increase in spending compared to other forms of media including; newspapers, books and broadcast TV (Mayer 99). 3D human tracking methods have been introduced in computer vision and applied in motion analysis, interactive computer graphics and surveillance. This is because such a system runs on inexpensive hardware, is fast and emphasizes on real time interactivity. Object segmentation processing is determined by color and the dimension of the object is computed. The motion corresponding on the 2D trajectories is

Positive Aspects of Technology Essay Example for Free

Positive Aspects of Technology Essay From man`s first invention of the wheel to modern day’s advanced computers, one can clearly see how far humans have developed with technology. Modern technology has provided mankind with numerous positive aspects; from getting to places in seconds to curing complex diseases. The most fundamental and important positive aspect of technology is that it gives humans the ability to share knowledge more effectively. Nowadays, a country is not defined by its wealth or influence, rather by its â€Å"ability to develop and advance knowledge† (Johnston 1). In the essay, The Diplomacy of Knowledge, author David Johnston states that, â€Å"information has never been so ubiquitous and so cheaply and easily shared† (1). In other words, information has never been so readily available, thanks to the fast growing Internet. The Internet allows billions of people to express their opinions and put forth their knowledge for others to see. Johnston also mentions that the foundations of the internet were laid by â€Å"300 years of discovery in math and science from Newton to Einstein† (2). Great scientists such as Newton to Einstein shared their experience and findings which have become the cause of all the ongoing technological development. For instance, the recent uprising in Libya was hugely successful due to the internet. Thousands of people posted Facebook statuses and communicated in numerous other ways. By sharing each other’s thoughts and knowledge, they were able to overcome the situation by establishing a strong and organized community. Moreover, new inventions are also greatly impacted by the sharing of knowledge and this can be evidently seen with a great discovery such as Insulin. Charles Best and Frederick Banting, a bio-chemist and a surgeon, are innovators from different fields. Both of them shared each other’s knowledge and brought forth one of the greatest discoveries of all time, insulin which saved millions of diabetic patients. In other words, today’s advancements in technology let the sharing of knowledge much more effectively, as it allows mankind to â€Å"[experience] unprecedented rates of change† (2). It also gives humanity the opportunity to undergo â€Å"rapid transformations, characterized by risk and opportunity on a global scale â€Å"(2). These changes brought through the sharing of knowledge bring an evolution in social and ethical factors within the society. In conclusion, technology has provided mankind with countless positive aspects, although the greatest aspect is the better collaboration of knowledge. From insulin to modern medicine, history has made it clear that great things can happen when everyone shares their learning with each other. As Thomas Jefferson mentions, â€Å"[by lighting] your candle with the flame of mine, my light is not diminished, it is enhanced† (2).

Problems And Solutions Of 4g Networks

Problems And Solutions Of 4g Networks 4G is the new development in mobile communication which is also known as next generation networks. As time passes past technologies are replaced by new ones for the need of new development communications. This is achieved by the 4G which gives a good scope for the widened of mobile communication .As mobiles are developed as minicomputer now ever days which can be used for different purposes this can be achieved efficiently by new technologies like 4G which offers higher data rates with seamless roaming. In todays technological world the mobile users are demanding more sophisticated and compact devices for their purposes to which manufactures are trying to develop smaller devices with increased processing and security which makes to develop 4G network for much improved image processing and speed of processors which can be used for using 4G applications like 3D games , high definition camcorders with larger megapixels which need high processor to run.4G is developed to run on a single platform for different wireless networks which are connected through one IP core. This will help to integrate the different existing heterogeneous wireless technologies like WIMAX, UMTS, WLAN and GPRS. 4G network has a very high data rate which provides 100Mbps to 1Gbps in stationary and mobile environment respectively. Limitations: Although 4G networks are best for mobile users they have some limitations. One of the main issue is the operating area which is a drawback to all communication networks like 2G, 3G also . As we know that many rural areas and many buildings in metropolitan cities where there with no network coverage in this technological world. This is due to our present communication standards and equipment which should be improved for this latest technology which is a promising one to deliver communication and many others advanced applications everywhere which cant be possible unless our operating area is enhanced in an effective manner. The second issue is the cost of network which is important to consider .As 4G network equipment is very expensive so carriers and providers should plan carefully to make the cost more realistic and low. Potential problems: 4G networks being so advantageous to users it also faces some potential problems in real world. They are Security, Quality of service, Handover. Security: In this digital world security is an important aspect in communication networks. As 4G network is not used for just communication but also it provides different functions like internet which is to be much secured. So we should estimate and solve the different security threats of 4G networks like IP spoofing, User ID theft, Denial of service, Intrusion attacks which may cause loss of information or leakage of information which is considered as great threat for the users. Quality of service: Quality of service is more important for 4G networks as we know that telecommunication is a real time communication like Voice over IP and video streaming .In real time traffics quality of service is very important as we should estimate some factors like bit rate, jitter, delay, packet drop probability to avoid network congestion in available bandwidth effectively. Handover: Handovers is defined as the switching of mobile nodes (MN) from one access point to other in current network or to a different network.4G networks faces lot of challenges while handover in todays communication systems. In particular if a mobile user is undergone handover process from communication systems like GPRS to WLAN at that time there is a potential risk of communication disturbance which makes the mobile user unhappy. Potential solutions: As we know that 4G networks are heterogeneous networks they support different functions to network operators and service providers. So to provide security for communication 4G networks introduce security gateways (SEGs) which secure the different domains. For developing security in 4G networks we should adopt a model developed by International Telecommunication union named as X.805 based on Bell lab security model which consist of three security layers, three security planes and eight security dimensions which has explained below. X.805 security model Access control which controls unauthorized users to network. Authentication which confirms the individual identity of user. Non repudiation controls false data by giving information of data from origin. Data confidentiality which provides security to the data in the network from unauthorized users. Communication security which provides security to the communication channel for usage of authorized user only. Data integrity protects the data from manipulating or modifying by others. Availability is making the network available for only the authorized users. Privacy is allowing data flow to only the authorized user without any leakage. By following these steps of this model at least we can defend from the existing threats and can solve the future threats which are more important in any communication network. To maintain quality of service in 4G we have to implement some protocols which are designed to maintain seamless communication to users like video conferencing and video streaming. The mobility protocols are Mobile IPV6, Hierarchical MIPV6, and Fast MIPV6 which improve quality of service for 4G networks. Since to improve more quality of service in 4G and for a better handovers across heterogeneous networks research are done for combination of mobility protocols seamless mobile IPV6 (SMIPV6) and session initiation protocol (SIP) for a better communication network. Conclusion: Mobile communication networks has been developed rapidly from decades and plays a vital role in human life .The advanced networks like 4G are not only used just for communication between people but also serves many functions for the users which faces many potential problems in real time to which we should find a effective solution. As 4G is a heterogeneous network function on single IP core which has many advantages like high bit rate and seamless communication when compared to others with a better quality of service and security .Up on all this new advanced 4G networks gives a great scope to future development of mobile communications in every field.

Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton :: Cry, The Beloved Country Essays

Chapter One: The first chapter of Alan Paton's Cry, the Beloved Country begins with a description of a road that runs from the village Ixopo into the hill and then leads to Carisbrooke and to the valleys of Africa. The grass is rich and matted, a holy ground that must be kept and guarded for it keeps and guards men. Analysis: Alan Paton begins Cry, the Beloved Country with a description of the land surrounding Ixopo, the village where the pastor (and protagonist) Stephen Kumalo lives. Paton establishes this as a rural and isolated area, which is significant to develop the character of Kumalo and his relationship to the larger urban area of Johannesburg where he will soon find himself. The style of this first chapter is grandiose, equating the survival of the soil to no less than the survival of the human race, but this serves an important function, relating the life and health of the country (in both its meanings) to the health of its inhabitants and, by extension, the novel's characters. Chapter Two: A small child brings a letter to the umfundisi (pastor) of the church, Stephen Kumalo, who offers the little girl food. This letter is from Johannesburg, and thus may be from either his sister Gertrude, who is twenty-five years younger than he, his brother John, a carpenter, or his only child Absalom, who had gone and never returned. Both Stephen and his wife hesitate when opening the letter, thinking it may be from their son, but it is instead from the Reverend Theophilus Msimangu, who relates to Stephen that Gertrude is very ill and advises him to come to the Mission House in Sophiatown, Johannesburg, to help her. Kumalo sighs, and tells his wife to get him the money intended for Absalom's education at St. Chad's, for now that Absalom has gone to Johannesburg, he will never come back. His wife tells Stephen to take the entire twelve pounds, five shillings and seven pence, just in case. Analysis: This chapter serves as the introduction to the protagonist of Cry, the Beloved Country, the pastor Stephen Kumalo, establishing his main conflicts and character traits. From his first encounter with the small child, Paton establishes Kumalo as a kind man yet powerful and respected within his community despite his poverty, as shown by the small savings that he and his wife had scraped together for their son's education.

Psilocybin :: essays research papers

Psilocybin History Psilocybin first appeared in Native American habitats as long ago as 1000 b.c. but was seriously investigated until 1936. Westerners first discovered the drug and it was first synthesized by Dr. Albert Hoffman in 1958. It was first used as a tool in psychotherapy and the treatment of emotional disorders. Yes, psilocybin is illegal and its possession, use, and sale carry heavy prison sentences and fines and disciplinary consequences. It is illegal because it had high potential for abuse and does not have any legitimate medical use. Psilocybin is in Schedule I. Schedule I is categorized as the most dangerous with no medical utility. Effects The physical effects include nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, drowsiness, and lack of coordination. Some users experience such extremely unpleasant hallucinations that the fear of that experience remains with them for life. Relationships with others are affected by use of Psilocybin just like the use of other drugs. People can become so obsessed with using that they no longer feel the need to maintain relationships with others. They sacrifice too many things, including relationships. Medical Use There is no longer any medical use for the chemical. Psilocybin used to be used to treat various emotional disorders. It is no longer used for medical purposes because studies have shown that hallucinogens do more harm than good. There is no longer any legitimate medical use. Miscellaneous Facts The drug is most often sold in the mushrooms themselves and are known by names like "psychedelic mushrooms," "magic mushrooms," and "'shrooms." Psilocybin does not produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior and addiction to hallucinogens such as Psilocybin is rare. Mushrooms have been taken in religious rituals in indigenous cultures in Mexico and

Fairies :: essays research papers

FAIRIES ARE EVERYWHERE!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fairies are magical creatures, usually very much like human beings. But they can do many things that humans cannot do. Most fairies can make themselves invisible. Many can travel in an instant anywhere they want to go, even very great distances. Some can change their shapes; they might look like cats, or birds, or dogs, or any other animal. Some of them live for many hundreds of years; others (Like with Tinker Bell From Peter Pan) live forever. Many fairies like to play tricks on human beings; others like to help them. Fairies come in all sizes and shapes as well. They might be ugly, humpbacked little creatures, like the trolls or gnomes that the people tell about in Denmark, Sweden, and Germany. Both trolls and gnomes are supposed to guard treasures. Trolls live in dark caves, and gnomes make their homes underground. Some fairies are handsome, for example, the pixies of Wales, or the goldenhaired white elves of the Scandinavian countries. Some fairies are giants, others are less than two feet tall. Some have special shapes. Example are mermaids and mermen, human above the waist but with the lower part of their bodies like fish. They live in an underwater world of splendor. Beautiful mermaids often lure sailors to their destruction, or cause shipwrecks. The Scandinavians believed in a river spirit that looked like a man above the water and like a horse below.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most fairies live in fairyland, where some strange things are ALWAYS happening. They live together ruled by a king and queen, whose names are Oberon and Titania. Some people think that the ruler of Fairyland is Queen Mab.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not all fairies live in fairyland, however. Some live alone as the guardians of certain places. The Lorelei of Germany is a beautiful woman with long golden hair. She stays on a special rock on the right bank of the Rhine River.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many kinds of fairies like to play tricks on human beings. Sometimes they tie knots in the manes of horses at night, and ride them till the horses are tired out. A horseshoe nailed to the stable door will keep these fairies away. If the maid is lazy and does not clean the house carefully, the fairies will pinch her while she sleeps. The pixies of Wales are especially troublesome to human beings. Some pixies lead travelers the wrong way. Others call to a lost person in the voice of his friend. When he follows the voices, he finds nobody there. The pixies like to hid things in houses, and to blow out candles so that the people of the

Financial Ratio Essay

â€Å"If you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude.† – Charles R. Swindoll Please use this template to produce the Bi-MTRs by filling the spaces provided. This should be submitted by the 28 th  of the relevant month, to your Placement Tutor’s e-mail address and to the Business School Employability Office (busemployability@gre.ac.uk). Please make sure you keep copies of your report, for submission at the end of your placement year. An email confirmation of receipt will be sent to you. If you have not received this confirmation within 5 working days of sending your report, please accept this as the BSEO did not receive your Bi-MTR. Date of MTR: 28 th of August 2013 Student ID: 000751077 Student Name: ADAMS OLALEKAN DOSUNMU Student Email: Da225@gre.ac.uk Work Telephone number: 07424525695 / 07850263416 Placement Tutor: DERYN GRAHAM Company Name: MARKS AND SPENCER Supervisor/Line Manager: JULIANA IRORO * Compulsory response Work Experience*: Set out your main duties undertaken during the month(s) and critically appraise your own performance in relation to those duties The first phase of my placement at Marks and Spencer, Edgeware Road. As a customer service assistant, which role is to ensure that diligent services are giving to customers at the right time in a well behave manner. I also have the responsibility of a section coordinator whose duties is to ensure that proper documentation of duty task and activities are achieved and recorded. Such roles includes: 1. Preparation of duty roster 2. Stock / inventory recording 3. Ensure proper team work among member of staffs and also team coordination 4. Act as a line manager in the absence of the manager. 5. Other functions Roles at work As a section coordinator assigned to the Hot food on the move /bakery section in the store, which duty is to make sure that desired target of sales, customer feedback and TSL audit preparation of my unit is to the store level of satisfaction. Roles within the unit Preparation of weekly duty roster for the staff working in the unit which explains the description of work, working hours, that is the start of shift to the end of the shift, and hour worked weekly. This is very important as staff will have knowledge of when and where are required to work. Due diligence A delegated paper work as a guideline to all members of staff as the service offered to customers on the tills, foods, coffees and other customer enquiry are of standard and also ensure that customer satisfaction are met. Making sure that all delegated tasks is in progression and also completed before staff finishes Bi-Monthly Training Report Template (Bi-MTR) Appendix 4: Bi-MTR â€Å"If you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude.† –Charles R. Swindoll their shift, and in turn giving feedback to the line manager for proper check. Key Skills Development*: Outline the key skills that you have acquired as a  result of the work that you have done e.g. communication skills, working with others, IT skills, time management skills etc. I have possess unique skill of team spirit in relation to service excellence and also team coordination ,such skills includes 1. Interpersonal skill: My interpersonal skill has improved and this has helped me to gain more confidence and possess more unique skill on the job and relating to others both the staffs, suppliers, customers and the society at large. 2. Communication skill: Constantly improved in my communication skills, such as expressing my feelings, ideas, concept and exchange of information, as I learn to understand people’s accent concurrently by the day, both at work and out of work. Proper understanding of people’s culture, customs, norms and traditions. 3. Managerial skill: Techniques and business knowledge has also improved, having the opportunity to work with a reputable organisation with a versatile style of management, from value chain management to supply stream of income and supply chain management. 4. Time management skill: More timely conscious, time constraint and adherence to time management for every task to be completed at a particular point in time. What need to be done hourly, daily, weekly and monthly are been specify for the appointed time. 5. Information technology skill: InfoTech skill improved ability to use Microsoft Excel more efficiently and other applications such as SPSS. Critical Incidents: Outline any significant events, both positive and negative, that took place during the month(s) and had an impact on your work either directly or indirectly â€Å"If you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit  in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude.† –Charles R. Swindoll If nothing to declare, please write â€Å"I have no critical incidences to declare† At the beginning of my placement with Marks and Spencer, I find it too much demanding, due to the work load and cultural differences, among colleagues such as styles, accents, customs and traditions. And also some of the staffs are difficult to manage and relate with, but with my interpersonal skills and style of on the job skill which has helped me to see things as it come, I never give fear a chance on me. So I learn all the system and style of work within a very short period of time and I applied what I have learnt as a business student to interprets and relate with the situation. In other to excel in my internship and becoming a successful manager. Employer Feedback: Give details of any formal or informal feedback on your performance received from the employer during the month(s) If no feedback given, please write â€Å"I have no feedback to give† I have no feedback to give Contact with Placement Tutor *: Please give details of your contact with your placement tutor in the past 2 months. This can either be via email, telephone or face to face. ADAMS OLALEKAN DOSUNMU 000751077 Da225@gre.ac.uk BSc BUSINESS STUDIES University of Greenwich Second Year. Tel: 07850263416 / 07424525695 Presently on a placement with Marks and Spencer, situated on Edgeware Road. Duty roles: customer service assistant in a role of a section coordinator. â€Å"If you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude.† –Charles R. Swindoll Final Year Project (if applicable): Include any information you may have  gathered for final year project RENUMERATION: A major source of motivation. A case study of Marks and Spencer in remunerating its employees such as : Employees benefit and incentives Wages and salaries Bonuses and pension scheme. Other Information: Include any other information that you consider to be relevant to the traineeship e.g. .training courses attended, social activities, cultural differences for overseas placements Not Applicable Workshop / Training Days, Change of Address or Travelling Please include any days which you are scheduled to be away from your desk at the address provided on your contract. Not Applicable â€Å"If you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude.† –Charles R. Swindoll If you would like to add any further information about your placement, please feel free to continue on a separate page (however make sure it has your name, student number, Placement Tutor and placement company included). If you are unable to e-mail your MTR, please send it to Business School Employability Office via email on busemployability@gre.ac.uk. If you cannot send it via email, please send using FAX +44 (0)20 8331 8120 or via post to the address below. For more information, contact: Business School Employability Office Queen Mary 245 * the University of Greenwich * Greenwich Campus * Park Row * SE10 9LS

Leading Group Challenges Paper

There are many important elements of organizational behavior in a criminal justice or security agency. These elements of organizational behavior are guidelines to organization hire valuable employees with values, morals, and ethnics. Commitment to ethical behavior one of the elements among others that will be discuss in this paper. Commitment to ethical behavior is when unethical behavior and illegal business practice in an organization is publicized.This is element that is use in the criminal justice and security agencies because the public and businesses trust the agencies to perform their duties with professionalism, morality, and diligence. The public sees through the media about police officer who have been caught breaking the law and conducting unethical behavior while on and off duty. The public has the see that the agencies are not tolerating unethical behavior from their personnel official because to restore the public's faith in the agency.Importance of human capital is an element use because employee love to know that they are being value by the organization he or she is employed with. Human behavior is very complex in an organization because of the demographic increase in the country, which results in employees with different cultures and background. This makes it hard for other employees to sustain success, so experience, knowledge and commitment to people plays a major part in sustaining that success. This true when it comes to a criminal justice and security agency where they come into contact with different cultures and backgrounds on a daily basis.Pervasive influence of information technology with penetration of computers and communication in all aspect of the workplace, it is important for a organization to keep up with the advancement of technology in the criminal justice and security agency. Technology is playing a major role in how criminals for committing crimes, which is why there has been a increase in cyber crimes because a criminal can bedazzle money, commit identity theft, and launder money from anywhere there is a computer with a capability to commit the transaction, even sex offenders are using cyberspace to search for victim.Many law enforcement agencies has development special division and hired computer experts to help combat the increase of cyber crimes. Emphasis on teamwork is a very important element in organizational behavior in the criminal justice or security agency. Many criminal organization are starting to work together to goal of making a huge profit in illegal activity, which is making it difficult for law enforcement to infiltrate and investigate a criminal organization because most of the criminal organization have knowledge of law enforcement personnel around their local area.Law enforcement agencies have teamed up and used other undercover officer from different local, state, and federal agencies to infiltrate and investigate illegal activity by criminal organizations. The United States may a lso team with agencies on an international level to help combat international criminal organization, in an effort to stop terrorism, drugs, human trafficking, and etc. Most organization have develop an element called a mission statement. A mission statement describes and helps focus the attention of organizational members and external constituents on the organization's core purpose.This is use in the criminal justice and security agency use mission statement for the success of the organization and better serve the community or businesses that they have agree to serve and protect. Demise of command-and-control because the handling of new environmental pressure and demands are proving incapable of a traditional hierarchical; organization are replacing them with a flexible structures and participatory work setting fully, which value human capital.Criminal justice and security agencies hierarchical are adapting to flexible structure to appreciate the value of human capital to keep the m oral high within the organization, and with the hierarchical still in place complaints and incident can be reported to a supervisor. Respect for new workforce expectations this is when the new generation of workers are not tolerating of hierarchy, more informal, and status is the least of their concerns.Organization are supporting their workers by paying more attention to helping the new generation balance their work responsibilities and personal affairs. This is true in the criminal justice and security agency, because employee must be totally focus on the mission statement an agency can't afford for an employee's job performance to suffer because of personal issue, so some have set up programs or counseling to help their employees deal with their issues. An agency knows personal issues can affect the value, morals, ethnics, and professionalism of the job.

French and Indian War DBQ Essay

For many years, throughout the 17th century and 18th century, Britain maintained a neutral relationship with its American colonies. By upholding salutary neglect, the British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, the American colonies remained obedient to Britain. However, after the French and Indian War (1754-1763), Britain’s relations with its colonist were drastically altered. The war greatly damaged Britain’s economy and because of its pyrrhic victory, a series of taxes were implemented on the American colonists.  The unfair taxation ideologically changed the Americans’ views on Britain and they felt they were not represented in Parliament. The French and Indian war altered the relations between Britain and its American colonists politically by giving Britain control of the east, economically by putting Britain in extreme debt and compelling Parliament to impose taxes on its colonists, and ideologically by shifting the colonistsâ€⠄¢ loyalty towards rebellion against Britain. The French defeat in the war paved way to the expansion of British territory throughout the eastern coastline (Document A). The colonists began to settle on the land beyond the Appalachian Mountains, which resulted in tensions with the Natives who primarily resided there. Canassatego, chief of the Onondaga Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, delivered a speech to the representatives of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. In the speech, he speaks with an accusatory tone as he is angered by the unrightfully settling of the American colonists (Document B). He sees the white settlers as people who spoil his hunting and addresses to the representatives that they know the colonists have no right to settle in the Natives’ land. Because of this  speech and Pontiac’s Rebellion, Britain was forced to implement the Proclamation Line of 1763, which prevented American settlers from moving past the Appalachian Mountains. Generally, this angered the settlers because they believed they deserved the land due to their service in the war. This was an initial step to the Americans’ shift of ideology to rebellion. At the end of the war, Britain’s economy rapidly declined and it struggled to pay its war debts. As a means to solve this issue, it enforced a series of acts on the American colonists. A British Order in Council of 1763 concluded that the current revenue from the colonies was not sufficient to pay a fourth of the cost to collect it (Document F). It deemed it necessary to impose the controversial Stamp Act, a tax on all paper goods. The council speaks with concern as it stresses the income from the colonies is not nearly enough to relieve the debt. The council, however, only looks from Parliament’s view of needing to relieve the debt rather than the colonists’ view of unfair taxation. Colonists began to organize protests, chanting â€Å"No taxation without representation† as their slogan. On August 9, 1765, Benjamin Franklin wrote a letter to a close ally, John Hughes. In the letter, Franklin informs his friend of the uncertainty of the removal of the Stamp Act. Though he says it would be wise to stay loyal to Britain because if they were caught talking about expelling an act, they would be tried with treason (Document G). Franklin’s point of view is prudent because he cares for the future of him and his ally. He goes on to tell Hughes if he attempts to repel the act, his traits will always be remembered by the colonists. Another tax implemented by the British was the Sugar Act, which added a three cents tax and sales tax on sugar, a high value commodity. The series of taxes provoked the American colonists to boycott all British goods. The boycott severely weakened the already damaged economy of Britain. As colonial unity was formed within the boycott, colonial ideological values differed tremendously after the war. Colonists were already filled with resentment due to the Proclamation Line of 1763 and the taxation caused Britain’s and the colonists’ relationship to decline further.

History and Development of St. Peter Lifeplan Essay

Francisco à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Tatayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Bautista had learned to deal with lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s hardship at an early age. He lived in a small farmland and worked as a carpenter and farmer in San Mateo and dreamt of a better future after a dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work sitting on top of a carabao. He grew up into a man fiercely determined to succeed. His triumphs over the impediment that he encountered and his immeasurable trust in God were his source of strength and guidance as he worked his way up making his dream a reality. B. Planning Stage Being the known carpenter in their place, the family members of the person who passed away asked him to make casket because during that time, only those who belong to well-known and wealthy families could afford to buy caskets from the casket manufacturing companies. Mr. Bautista saw the discrimination between those who belong to the poor and wealthy families with regards to the quality of funeral services they get when they die. So when he got a small capital to start with, he and his beloved wife Basilisa à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Nanayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Roque-Bautista founded St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. in Pampanga to cater to the needs of the the poor at the price they can afford. Upon the establishment of their business, they have the following information: VISION The St. Peter Group of Companies are Death Care Experts, the choice of every Filipino in the delivery of world-class Death Care services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a progressive partner in nation building. MISSION As Death Care Experts and responsible citizens, we commit to improve the quality of life of St. Peterians, their stakeholders and the Filipino people. VALUES The key to the long-term success of St. Peter is how well every member of the organization embraces their Corporate Values. * God-centered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" As St. Peterians, they are prayerful, sincere, moral and committed in promoting the Word of God, enjoying, loving and consistently modelling a true St. Peterian way of life. * Excellence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Equipped with a winning attitude and resolved to be the best, they commit to achieve peak performance and to stretch their limits through personal and professional development in order for them to offer all they do for the glory of God. * Teamwork – St. Peterians are supportive, assertive, reliable and open to diversity. They build enthusiasm and draw their energies from each other. Their sense of family unites them to become Death Care experts. * Integrity – They are committed to be honest, transparent, credible and to do what is right before God and the country. They are what they value. * Customer Service â₠¬â€œ They serve each other. They believe that everyone is a customer. It is their commitment to the plan holders, internal and external partners to be reliable-prioritizing their needs and to innovate their services. * Employee Satisfaction – Engaging their employees, associates, colleagues and partners to bring out the best in them. They are committed to care for their employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s welfare, growth and development for that brings about a solid sense of proprietorship and pride in what they do. * Professionalism – As St. Peterians, they are objective, disciplined, ethical, respectful, fair and just in all their dealings. They present themselves well in their appearance and words. II. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT The incessant efforts and fortitude of Francisco Bautista bore fruit when he established another company which later on provide world-class Death Care Service- the St. Peter Memorial Chapels, Inc. The main location of the said business is located at No. 296 Quezon Avenue, Roxas District, Quezon City. St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. continued to grow until it became known nationwide. They established high-class buildings with complete facilities on different regions and provinces of the country in order to give the satisfaction-maximizing services to their customers. They hired more employees with higher salaries than before to manage their businesses and branches. With over 40 years of experience in Death Care on 2005, St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. had branches and mortuary tie-ups, or affiliations with funeral service companies in every major city and key areas all over the Philippines. It led the industry by ranking first in gross sales in the life plan category of the pre-need industry selling over 25,000 plans in 2003. On April 27, 2010, the St. Peter Mega Chapel in Cebu City was launched. It is the newest and one of the largest funeral complex in Visayas. It is strategically located at the New Imus Street near Ayala Cebu Centre. This Mega Chapel is a spacious and fabulous building with an ambiance which is close to a 5-star Hotel and features amazing architectural designs and a relaxing atmosphere. It features spacious and elegant viewing rooms, a caske showroom and a state-of-the-art crematorium that uses hi-tech and eco-friendly cremation machines. A room which can hold more than 350 visitors, St. Peter Mega Chapel can be an alternative reception venue for any occasion. With its excellent facilities and genuine customer service, ST. Peter Chapels is truly world-class. Since its inception in 2006, a total of two hundred ninety four St. Peterian Embalmers have passed the Embalmerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Licensure Examination through the Embalmerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Licensure Program of St. Peter Chapels. It aims to professionalize the embalming profession not only in every St. Peter Chapels but also in the Philippine DeathCare Service industry. III. THE PRESENT SITUATION St. Peter now operates three (3) elite memorial chapels in the heart of commercial district of Quezon City, Cebu City and Davao City which have been providing professional and traditional services to the public for over 42 years. Currently, there are more than 200 St. Peter Chapels ready to serve the public with superior quality memorial services nationwide. St. Peter Life Plan Inc. has also St. Peter Cremation Plan now with the office located at Quezon City. St. Peter Chapel is one of the seven distinguished winners of the 2012 Asian Funeral Expo (AFE) Awards, the premier award for the funeral industry across the Asia-Pacific region. Saint Peter Life Plan, Inc. continues to excel in its role in society as being The DeathCare Experts, by maintaining its leadership in the DeathCare industry and in product development in the market such as Customized At-Need and Pre-Need Packages, Death Event Management and similar Pre-Need Plans. On top of its superb DeathCare services, St. Peter Chapels is also known for its innovative value-added services collectively referred to as the St. Peter eServices, specially: 1. eBurol (online viewing), 2. eLibing (online interment)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 3. Timeless Tribute (life-story audio-visual presentation) and, 4. St. Peterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Gate (memorial networking site). The St. Peter Group of Companies always strive to provide reliable and outstanding DeathCare services not just for the Filipino but also for any nationality who will be needing immediate services anytime and anywhere in the Philippines. The St. Peter Group of Companies continues to support its employees by providing them opportunity for their professional growth and development. The Management Development Program (MDP), dubbed as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Unlad Talentoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , is designed to help St. Peter employees to better understand the business environment and further sharpen their knowledge, skills and attitude towards different areas of management. MDP is a ten-month long program of courses in the Masters of Business Administration curriculum and is facilitated by Mr. Albert Buenviaje, Dean of the Ateneo Graduate School of Business and also the St. Peter MDP Program Director. This year, fifty participants from various St. Peter Chapels and offices nationwide were carefully selected to undergo this learning opportunity. As part of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value for employee satisfaction, a new healthcare program was launched to respond to the needs of SPLPI employees to face family illnesses safely and with confidence. All employees will continue to receive exactly the same health benefits with the bonus of access to safe and affordable healthcare benefits for their qualified dependents. The company takes care of hospital bills. St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. is taking another step forward to help eliminate the effects of El NiÃÆ' ±o and greenhouse gases. St. Peter, with the support of Green Earth Foundation, Inc. (GELFI) launches à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Soul Treesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ a carbon off-setting program which aims to plant new trees and save our environment. This program represents their care for Mother Nature with strong commitment to protect it. It aims to further provide public awareness on the importance of a holistic approach to agro forestry and community development through actively engaging in re-forestration most especially to areas most impacted by deforestation. St. Peter employees and officers take part in planting a total of 70,000 trees in Luzon as the Soul Trees Project begins. Another St. Peter initiative to reduce carbon dioxide emission is the conversion of their Suburban hearses from Petrol to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) operated engines. ST. Peterians also actively advocate Earth Hour à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a global event organized by World Wide Fund. It encourages households and businesses to turn off their non-essential lights and other electrical appliances for one hour to raise awareness towards the need to take action on climate change. IV. FUTURE PLANS The company dreams to continue their success and prosperity for decades to come. At this point in time, St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. plans to expand the business by adding more branches all over the Philippines to extend and further improve their services to every Filipino home. V. FINDINGS Basically, St. Peter Life Plan Inc. now has four kinds of business: The Life Insurance Plan; the Casket Manufacturing Business which is located in Pampanga; the St. Peter Chapels that provides funeral services; and the Crematory business. Based on the previous information, St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. began as a small business operated by a carpenter-farmer named Francisco Bautista. From a small business, it evolved into a larger business and became a company. It became known from the different places in the Philippines and became more successful and progressive.

Analysis of Nationalism and Ethnic Politics Literature review

Analysis of Nationalism and Ethnic Politics - Literature review Example The point of the existence of nationalism is a nation characterized by shared language, culture, and values. The academic theory on nationalism shows that national identity is usually contested and may reflect in the differences in class, gender, dialect, region, and language. Origin of nationality. The first studies relating to nationalism were mostly historically accounted for by the nationalist movements. Towards the end of the 19th century, the followers of Marx and other socialists showed an analysis that was very critical of the movements of the nationalists. This gives rise to the sociological theories of nationalism which date back to the period after the second world war. Some of these theories discuss issues relating to the identity of the people of a particular nation which are of major impact to nationalists (Smith, 2010). Anthony D. Smith shows the origin of nationalism and creates a synthesis of primordial and modernist views, which are now commonly referred to as an et hnic-symbolist approach. According to Smith, the conditions prior to the formation of a nation include: -A homeland that is fixed(current or historical) -High degree of autonomy -Hostile environments -Memories of battles -Sacred areas and centres -Languages -Special norms and practices -Historical records and way of thought Smith also postulates that the nation came into existence as a result of joining the whole population and not just the elite in the society, the introduction of legal and political institution, ideas from the nationalists, international popularity and the segregation of land by border formation. Research seeks to find out which among the nation or nationalism came first. According to the primordial theory of nationalism, nations are presented to be dating back or at least ethnic groups, as a social reality dating back twenty thousand years as a social reality. However, contrasting this speculation is the modernist theories which to a great extent show that until around 1800, there were no nations. The ideas of a national identity were first introduced by the European states for purposes of modernization and control of the economy and society. The people behind the modernist theory of nationalism view capitalism and printing press as important factors in nationalism. The Approaches to Nationalism The modernist Approach. The modernist approach borrows from the Marxist's traditions and as postulated by Smith, as much as nationalism is a modern concept, he insists that nations too have a pre-modern origin.  Ã‚  

Nonw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nonw - Essay Example For Patricia Muir, the carrying capacity of the earth is the maximum theoretical population size that will remain stable if and only if the supply of resources does not change. However, this is indeed theoretical at best because not only does population size change all the time, but the supply of resources also change independent of population changes. The worst case scenario, therefore, based on Muir’s definition, is that the population size will keep increasing, the supply of resources will keep decreasing, and this will most likely drive the population to instability. Stability, as implied by Muir, is the state where the population may not experience any social or economic problems related to survival and ease of living. Sarah Postel, in her article â€Å"Carrying Capacity: Earth’s Bottom Line,† defines carrying capacity in a rather simple way as â€Å"the largest number of any given species that a habitat can support indefinitely† (4). There is no idea of stabilization driven at here by Postel, as based on her definition, carrying capacity is simply the capacity of the earth to feed a certain maximum number of people, whether or not this will lead to stability. Nevertheless, the definitions of Muir and Postel are far from the reality of the situation for several other factors that affect carrying capacity are not being considered in their definitions. Based on data from Cornell University, the carrying capacity of the earth is estimated to be 10 to 15 billion people, but estimates since 1679 by Anton van Leeuwhenhoek to the present have varied at the range between 1 billion to over a trillion people. The variations are due to the fact that it is admittedly â€Å"difficult to estimate† the human carrying capacity of the earth (The Carrying Capacity). The true reason behind this degree of uncertainty is that the world has been different in different eras in history and humans had different needs and different lifestyles for every part of his history. This is evident during the sudden exponential rise in human population from 1400 to the present while it remained fairly stable centuries before 1400, and no one knows for sure why this happened (Cohen 341). Another reason for the uncertainty in determining the carrying capacity of the earth is that the governments of the world do not exactly know what factors ultimately determine carrying capacity. Among the factors being considered there are food, nutrients, space, technology specifically and the availability of each (The Carrying Capacity). Still, other experts say that the problem is not within the environment but with people’s social, political and economic activities, which are all affected by culture, religion, language, values and ethnicity (Cohen 341). Others like Hardin theorize that the earth actually has its own natural way of correcting its own carrying capacity and the problem is that people’s ethical beliefs, like â€Å"Human life is sacred†

Research and journalism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research and journalism - Article Example Research on the other hand is a more long term longitudinal study based on foresight regarding future trends or events over a period of time. This is one of the most basic differences that makes journalism and research take on divergent roles. The collection of data is crucial to both journalism and research. According to Sedlmeier et al (1989), research is not a copy of record, as opposed to journalism. Here, it may be seen that journalism acts as a record of facts on which public opinion is molded and set forth. Yet, research is based on longitudinal studies that depend on the careful selection of subjects as well as focus groups upon whom analysis is conducted for a logical conclusion. To begin with, one has to understand research design in context of philosophy as a style of writing or expressing ideas. This has a nexus with positivism as well as interpretivism in understanding how knowledge is gathered and used. Johnson et al's text (2000) starts with a study of innate notions. This portion of the book is a study of the elements that lead to speculation and a subsequent formation of perspective. This points to positivism. Throughout this part, the authors have managed to hook the reader on to the idea that speculation is an element that must be used in very discreet doses as more of it can damage the practical side of things in one's mind. (Johnson et al, 2000) As a philosophical notion, this is an ideal that is true to writing. In writing, it is imperative to stick to a certain balance between factual information and a small amount of speculation. This holds on to people's imagination and memories. Therefore, in this part of the book, the authors have merely de scribed a style of writing that has to do with organising ideas and information or interpretivism. This sets the stage for understanding and differentiating between epistemology and ontology. Further into the book, one will find ideals that are connected with principles in the mind. The mind is an organ that churns out thoughts and expressions of the same. These expressions are a part of the basic mental setup of the person concerned. This quality, in turn, springs from an ability to form a successful marriage between imagination and the overall truth surrounding a person. Therefore, these principles work towards defining a certain kind of writing and research design that can be applied by any person for means of appropriate self expression. (Johnson et al, 2000) The second part of the book is about Ideas, which relates to journalism rather than research. Journalism is a field where ideation is an important phase before one begins to actually put the ideas down on pen and paper. Where does this ideation happen' It happens during one's life experiences. These life experiences revolve around the garnering of values and ideals in life. One's writing often depicts the state of one's belief system. Thus, in describing ideas, Locke has managed to show what a person's preliminary research in writing is based on. This preliminary research comes from what is within oneself. (Locke, 2007) Therefore, as far as data collection is concerned, positivism is the approach used by research, while interpretivism is the appr

The Reaction of the Markets to the Step of ECB to Raise Interest Rates Term Paper

The Reaction of the Markets to the Step of ECB to Raise Interest Rates - Term Paper Example According to the monetary theory, the reverse effect should have taken place- the prices of the bond should have been decreased, whereas euro should have appreciated. However, this reaction can be explained by the fact that Mr. Trichet-the president of ECB reiterated that the latest move of the ECB should not be treated as an indication of the policy of high interest rates. The reaction of the market that followed can be explained by the confidence of investors in a more cautious approach of ECB, as the appreciation of the Euro ceased after new announcements of Mr. Trichet. After all, there is little doubt that the financial experts of ECB do not realize that high-interest rate of ECB which might entail appreciation of Euro and tightening of available pools of credit may hamper economic growth in the European area. This step can be viewed as an attempt (apparently temporarily) to combat the high level of inflation. It is too early to say whether this decision will seriously affect economic growth in European countries. According to OECD, the raising of interest rate could wait until the middle of 2006 when more robust economic growth is expected. However, countries of EU differ in economic, financial and political terms, with weak growth in Germany and France and stronger one in Spain and Ireland; after Maastricht agreements, none of the countries mentioned has the opportunity to regulate the growth in the country by traditional methods of the money supply. Overall, the economic growth in the European countries was less than in the USA (4.3% in the USA against 2.6% in the countries of European Union) and it affected major industrial nations of the EU. If the trend of appreciation of the Euro currency continues, it may hamper export- one of the vital elements of economic recovery in European countries and reduce the long term competitiveness of European companies.  

Research method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Research method - Essay Example The hypothesis of the study states that improved accuracy is observed when slight modifications are made to the original ARS scale. The revision of the anxiety scale makes it more precise and more relevant in communicating to the athletes, so that they can better express their level of stress, anxiety and self-confidence. The Anxiety Rating Scale ARS has been used frequently which led to its suggestion that some modifications might enhance the productivity regarding the concurrent validity of the instrument. Two revisions were made to the original ARS and its results were compared with the original ARS. The study used 180 college-age volleyball players for this study. The results indicated that the revision yielded the largest correlation with CSAI-2 subscales. The results were similar in the males where the revision 2 yielded the largest correlations connected with the cognitive and somatic anxiety, but not for self-confidence. Across genders the revision 2 resulted in the highest correlations for the three categories; cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence. Correlation coefficients were found to be .67, .69 and .75 respectively. The conclusion suggests that the revision to the original ARS model resulted in the highest level of concurrent validity when the participants were intramur al volleyball players. The journal article discusses a very important topic; measuring the results of revised anxiety test. The article is complete in the sense that it begins with an introduction that goes on into explaining the background, then turns to methodology and then concludes with the results. It gives the reasons why there is room for improvement in the ARS. The ARS had been associated satisfactorily with Krane’s (1994) revision of Mental Readiness Form (MRF-L). Previous studies show that ARS is moderately correlated with anxiety and self-confidence subcomponents of CDAI-2 (Cox, Reed & Robb, 1997). The outline is clear and states that

Literature review on ethical issue between employees and their Essay

Literature review on ethical issue between employees and their manegars - Essay Example The daily interaction, collaboration and interpersonal relationships required from managers and employees create tensions and issues that are considered normally pervading the working environment. Apart from operational concerns, managers and employees are faced with contrasting beliefs, values and preferences that occur because of the diversity in personalities, traits, cultural orientations and demographical factors that form each individual in the organization. These beliefs fall under ethical issues in business, defined as â€Å"â€Å"the principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business† (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2009, 6). In this regard, the current study aims to proffer a review of related literature on the subject of ethical issues between managers and employees. The theoretical framework and impetus for the review came as a result of an interview with a legal researcher for the Saudi – Central Bank, who identified problems which are et hical in nature and existed in their organization, currently affecting job satisfaction and productivity of employees. Ethical Issues in Business Organizations Ethical behavior have been identified to manifest actions that are â€Å"morally accepted as "good" and "right" as opposed to "bad" or "wrong" in a particular setting† (Sims, 1992, 506). ... According to Martires and Fule (2004), the culture of an organization influences the ethical climate that pervades. Organizational culture is a set of symbols, myths, ceremonies that reflect the underlying values and beliefs of the organization or its work force. This statement is supported by Hunt (1991) and Schneider and Rentsch (1991) who emphasized that there are factors that influence diversity in ethical climates of organizations, to wit: â€Å"personal self-interest, company profit, operating efficiency, individual friendships, team interests, social responsibility, personal morality, rules and standard procedures, and laws and professional codes† (cited in Sims, 1992, 510). As such, more detailed ethical issues facing human resources in organizations, particularly between managers and employees, are revealed by CiteHR (n.d.) to wit: (1) â€Å"discrimination issues include discrimination on the bases of age (ageism), gender, race, religion, disabilities, weight and att ractiveness; (2) issues surrounding the representation of employees and the democratization of the workplace: union busting, strike breaking; (3) issues affecting the privacy of the employee: workplace surveillance, drug testing; (4) issues affecting the privacy of the employer: whistle-blowing; (5) issues relating to the fairness of the employment contract and the balance of power between employer and employee: slavery, indentured servitude, employment law; and (6) occupational safety and health† (CiteHR, n.d., par. 1). In the case of the legal researcher for the Saudi – Central Bank, the ethical issue that existed between managers and employees was manifested in the way the manager discriminated against underperforming employees which further

Texas Squatter's Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Texas Squatter's Rights - Essay Example result, each house was increasingly shifted to the east side of its lot, until the house on Lot 5 was built next to that lot’s eastern boundary with Lot 6. This case concerns a driveway built on a 20-foot strip of land just east of that boundary — a strip everyone assumed was on Lot 5, but was actually on Lot 6. When Lillian Haliburton bought Lot 5 in 1970, Lot 6 was owned by her brother’s family, the Buddes. For many years, both families used the driveway on the disputed strip. The driveway led to a garage built on both lots, which Haliburton used for parking and storage. Although Haliburton was no longer living at the time of trial, there was testimony that family members all presumed mistakenly that the driveway and garage belonged to her Lot 5. In 1995, the Buddes sold Lot 6 to the defendants, Minh Thu Tran and Norman L. Roser. In 2001, Haliburton sold Lot 5 to the plaintiffs, William and Nita Macha, who already owned Lot 4 to the west. During the latter transaction, a survey revealed that the driveway was not a part of Lot 5, so the Machas secured a quitclaim deed conveying any interest Haliburton might have acquired in the strip by adverse possession. When Tran and Roser learned of the survey, they obtained a permit and erected a fence around the strip. This suit ensued. A jury found the strip had passed by adverse possession to Haliburton, and thence to the Machas. The First Court of Appeals affirmed, holding in a divided opinion that Haliburton’s use of the strip and everyone’s mistaken belief that she owned it were legally sufficient evidence of adverse possession. See 176 S.W.3d 128 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2004). We disagree. Under Texas law, adverse possession requires â€Å"an actual and visible appropriation of real property, commenced and continued under a claim of right that is inconsistent with and is hostile to the claim of another person.† Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code  § 16.021(1). The statute requires visible appropriation;

White People and Black Girl Essay Example for Free

White People and Black Girl Essay Since African American literature started back in the 18th century, the majority of these writings mainly focused on racism, ethnicity, and the struggle of African-American people. Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith are but two contributors to this area of literature. In my paper I will compare and contrast the short story by Nadine Gordimer, â€Å"Country Lovers†, and the poem, â€Å"What It’s Like Being a Black Girl†, written by Patricia Smith. In both pieces of literature, the focus is put on the racial background and ethnicities, considering that the main characters or protagonists are black women, dealing with some degree of discrimination because of the color of their skin. It is common knowledge that racism has been a major issue which has tainted society, and the African-American people, particularly females have been dealing with the effects of racism, and have experienced the effects of discrimination and racism. (Clugston, 2010). In the short story â€Å"Country Lovers†, a forbidden love between a black girl named Thebedi and a white male named Paulus, is depicted. In the story, two main characters are brought together since early childhood, spending much of the childhood days with each other. As they grow up, they became even closer, eventually falling in love. They soon realize that the racial politics of the time would not allow them to maintain their relationship simply because, Paulus, being the son of a white farm owner and Thebedi, the daughter of a black farm workers, would be unable to show or share their love publicly. I found that there were many dramatic effect throughout this entire story. For example, when we read about the part were Paulus is going way to school, â€Å"This usefully coincides with the age of twelve or thirteen; so that by the time early adolescence is reached, the black children are making along with the bodily changes common to all, an easy transition to adult forms of address, beginning to call the old playmates missus and baasie little master. † (Clugston 2010). When Paulus watches Thebedi wading in the water, is the part of the story where I interpreted the loss of innocence and the description of a forbidden love. â€Å"The schoolgirls he went swimming with at dams and pools I may bring farms were bikinis but the site of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now when the girl came up to the bank and sat beside him, two drops of water beading offer dark legs the only points of light in the earth -smelling deep shade. They were not afraid of one another, they had known one another always; he did with her what he had done that time in the store room at the wedding, and this time it was so lovely, so lovely, he was surprised†¦ And she was surprised by it too he could see her dark face that was part of the shade, with her big dark eyes, shiny and soft water, watching him attentively: as she had when they used a huddle over their teams of mud oxen, as she had when he told her about attention weekends at school. â€Å"(Clugston, 2010). It is towards the end of the short story where you realize the racism. It begins when Paulus arrived back home from college over the holidays, and finds out that Thebedi had given birth to a child. When he decides to go and see Thebedi and the child, he said, â€Å"You haven’t been near the house with it? † (Clugston, 2010). His reaction alone reiterated the fact that such a thing would not be tolerated in his community. As the story continues, Paulus returned to the head later on: it states, â€Å"She thought she heard small grunts from the hut, the kind of insufficient grunt that indicates a full stomach, a deep sleep. After a time, long or short she did not know, he came out and walked away with plodding stride (his father’s gait) out of sight, towards his father’s house† (Clugston 2010). For me as a reader, it became apparent that Paulus actually killed the child. After analyzing that particular part of the story it became evident that Paulus was afraid the relationship between him and Thebedi would become common knowledge, so in murdering the child, it would serve as a cover-up as if nothing happened between two of them. In the ending of the story, the police assumed the baby’s body and charged Paulus with murder. During the trial, the story states that Thebedi took the stand. â€Å"She cried hysterically in the witness box, saying yes, yes (the gilt hoop earrings swung in her years), she saw the accused pouring liquid into the baby’s mouth. She said he had threatened to shoot her if she told anyone† (Clugston 2010). A year later, when she returned to the courthouse, she tells the court that, â€Å"she said that she had not seen what the white man did in the house† (Clugston, 2010). Because she altered her testimony, â€Å"The verdict on the accused was â€Å"not guilty† (Clugston, 2010). In the poem â€Å"What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl† seems to depict a very similar theme. In the poem, Patricia Smith tends to use rigid and strong words in order to show the seriousness of the topic she is writing about. From the very beginning of her poem, â€Å"First of all,† I sense of how the story is going to be told and is laid out for the reader. It presents the audience with a picture of a young black girl transitioning into black womanhood, a place where being a black girl as well as being a black woman is often not a welcome thing. To help the reader understand the thoughts that run through the mind of this puberty stricken young girl, she writes,† Its being 9 years old and feeling like you’re not finished, like your edges are wild, like there’s something, everything, wrong† (Smith, 4) This particular poem, in my opinion, is how racism and discrimination, both of race and gender, affects this young girl as she is transitioning from a young black girl, into a young black woman, while trying to accept all the changes that are happening to her. In the line, â€Å"Its popping a bleached white mop head over the kinks of your hair and primping in front of mirrors that deny your reflection. † describes how this young girl wishes to look like other girls in order to be accepted in society. I found several tones in this poem that included not only pain and suffering, but courage is well. The poem discusses this young lady’s loss of innocence as a direct result of being raped. In the line, â€Å"It’s dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them turn blue and suffering the burn in silence,† in my opinion is the showing of this young girl’s pain of being raped by a white person. Since the color blue plays a significant role in this line, it shows not only this suffering, but the despondency this young black girl is experiencing. In both the poem and a short story, the main characters have been negatively affected by the discrimination of a society in which the color of their skin is not accepted. Both of the female characters lost their innocence, the only difference being, that Thebedi lost her virginity under the mask of the forbidden love, and the young girl in the poem lost her virginity is a direct cause of her rape. The sufferings of both characters is basically the same because the color of their skin and nothing else. The gender plays a very important role, but only after the race they belong to, as well as the alarming situation of the issue is accurately brought into the light and both of these literature works. It clearly indicates the suffering in the pain both these women experience. (Fluehr-Lobban, 2010). The mindset of a common young black girl is accurately presented in the poem â€Å"What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl†, and shows the effects that the society leaves on the mind of young black girls who wish to have the appearance like white girls simply because white girls are accepted in the society and the black are usually misused, refused, and disrespected. (Clugston, 2010) Both the story as well as the poem distinguish ethnicity and radical backgrounds, as well as explaining how women experienced cruelty for white racists. I found limited separation between race and gender issues within both authors work simply because they elaborated the fact that they could not, and would not be on the same side with sexists or races. While reading Patricia Smith poem, it gave me the impression she was demonstrating her anger to the fact that white patriarchy confines and limits black women. Black females have been tormented by discrimination racism, and ethical and racial discrimination, as characterized in both the poem and short story can be affirmed as a depiction a reflection of racism and its effects on society. (Dovidio, Gaertner, 1996). In conclusion, I truly feel that both authors share the same sentiments. First and foremost, both of their main focus was on the role of the black female. Not only did the Explorer the victimization of the black woman, but also brought to light their emotional struggles as well as her experiences. I also feel that both authors were the obstacles of racism and feminists’ society that same time expressed that defeat does not mean giving up, but offers the opportunity to conquer negativity in life. References Clugston, R. W.(2010), â€Å"Country Lovers, Nadine Gordimer. In Journey into Literature (ch. 3): retrieved from http://content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2/section/h3. 2 Clugston, R. W. (2010), Poems for Reflection. In Journey into Literature (ch. 12. 2): retrieved from http://content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2/section/12. 2 Fluehr-Lobban, C. (2010). Race and Racism: An Introduction, Rowman Altamira: pp. 111-116 Dovidio, J. F. , Gaertner, S. L. (1996). Affirmative action, unintentional racial Biases and inter group relations. Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 52, pp 51-75.